Volume 3, Issue 3

Rural Community Coping Strategies with Drought-Driven Food Insecurity in Kwale County, Kenya
Original Research
This paper discusses how households in Kwale in Kenya cope with drought-driven food insecurity and also provides suggestions to inform sustainable mitigation planning. This area was purposively selected because it suffers the most severe food insecurity levels in Kwale County. The main respondents were 120 households selected using stratified random sampling and 20 key informants selected purposively. Primary data was collected using questionnaires, focus group discussions and environmental observation checklists. Since the goal was to determine general trends, data analysis focused on descriptive statistics. Findings indicated that major droughts tend to occur every 10-15 years while minor ones after every 3-4 years. Failure of staple food crops and livestock losses elicits severe negative impacts on the community’s well-being. Further, technical mitigation measures perceived as effective were not necessarily the most popular with the community. For instance growing drought resistant crops was ranked first by 90% of the respondents, perception on its effectiveness placed it 4th rank in favour of water reservoirs, whose priority ranking was 7th by 25% of respondents. Similarly, diversification of income was prioritized by 71% of respondents, yet placed as second in effectiveness in favour of engaging in waged labour, whose priority ranking was 3rd by 58% of respondents. By implication, decision-making for lasting mitigation measures requires the input of farmers. In conclusion, short to medium term drought coping mechanisms should focus on diversifying food and income opportunities for households. As such farmers need to be empowered to access financial credit for investment. At the county level, investing in water resources development for irrigation agriculture and improvements in livestock management remain key long-term mitigation measures. The requisite community capacity building calls for coordinated public-private-civil society partnerships.
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Journal of Food Security. 2015, 3(3), 87-93. DOI: 10.12691/jfs-3-3-4
Pub. Date: October 15, 2015
25997 Views6625 Downloads2 Likes1 Citations
The Impact of Evolution and Socio-economics of Commercially Exploited Fish Stock: A Review on Rastrineobola argentea in Lake Victoria
Review Article
Fish in Kenya is an important source of food, especially of high quality protein. They provide a good source of income for communities that live around lakes and contributing not only to the social and economic development of these communities but to Kenya’s economy. Lake Victoria located in East Africa, is the largest tropical freshwater lake in the world and is currently a habitat to many fish species such as the Nile perch (Lates niloticus), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and silver cyprinid known locally as Omena (Rastrineobola argentea). During the last two decades the fish population in Lake Victoria has changed significantly primarily due to anthropogenic activities such as introduction of alien species and overfishing. R. argentea is the most commercially exploited species of Lake Victoria. It is the main provider of protein for the communities living around the lake and it is also used as a feed, where it is incorporated into feedstock used by both the livestock and poultry farmers. Over the last few years it has become the major prey for L. niloticus, an exotic species in the Lake Victoria. This review aims to compile dispersed literature about R. argentea in Lake Victoria majoring on its life history changes, threats to existence, its socio-economic value and the dynamic issues facing the management of Lake Victoria fishery.
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Journal of Food Security. 2015, 3(3), 82-86. DOI: 10.12691/jfs-3-3-3
Pub. Date: October 12, 2015
10239 Views3357 Downloads5 Likes
Determinants Affecting Adoption of Malt-Barley Technology: Evidence from North Gondar Ethiopia
Original Research
Considerable numbers of studies have been conducted on various technologies. However, adoption and intensity of adoption on malt- barley technology has not been carried out in the country. Production of commercial crops could give adequate yields if it is supported with improved technologies and suggested packages. The focus of study was examining determinants of adoption of malt-barley technology in Debark and Wogera districts of North Gondar. The sample size of the study was 120 respondent farmers. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from primary and secondary sources. Interview schedules, focused group discussions, key informant interviews, and personal observations were the major data collection methods. Descriptive statistics, inferential tests and Tobit econometric model were administered for analysis. The result explained that education, access to improved seed and training affected adoption of malt-barley technology positively and significantly while social status of household heads influenced the technology significantly but negatively. Even though majority of adopters had better adoption indices, the technology couldn’t disseminate in large number of beneficiaries and potential producing areas. As a result, the rate of adoption was low and slow. Therefore, this study suggested that farmers should be exposed to training and access to improved seed.
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Journal of Food Security. 2015, 3(3), 75-81. DOI: 10.12691/jfs-3-3-2
Pub. Date: September 16, 2015
18014 Views5950 Downloads3 Likes1 Citations
Proximate Composition, Minerals Content and Functional Properties of Five Lima Bean Accessions
Original Research
In order to combat food insecurity in Ghana and Africa as a whole, efforts are being made by the Crops Research Institute, of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Ghana, to produce new bean varieties with improved characteristics such as high yield, disease resistance and high nutritional value. Some of the new lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) accessions collected include: Koloenu white, Koloenu brown, Nsawam black and white, Ohwam Mampong and Koloenu small black and white. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the proximate composition, minerals content and functional properties of flour from these five lima bean accessions. The proximate and functional properties were determined using standard procedures whereas minerals content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The crude protein content was in the range of 20.69–23.08 %, crude fat, 0.59–1.14 %, crude fibre, 4.06–6.86 %, ash, 4.39–5.61%, moisture 9.19-11.83 %, carbohydrate 54.31-59.64 % and energy, 313.28-328.10 kcal/100 g. The mineral content was in the range of 2.45–172.77 mg/100g, for Iron and Phosphorus respectively. The functional properties of the flours: foaming capacity, solubility capacity, bulk density, swelling index, water absorption capacity, and emulsion capacity were in the range of 18.00-22.13%, 17.00-21.01%, 0.66 g/mL, 0.98-1.64, 0.88-1.41 g/g, and 49.63-59.99%, respectively. The results indicate that, lima beans are rich in protein and have appreciable functional properties that could be exploited in food formulations such as koose, sauces and stews. The lima bean flours could also be used to fortify conventional flours which are low in protein and fiber.
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Journal of Food Security. 2015, 3(3), 69-74. DOI: 10.12691/jfs-3-3-1
Pub. Date: September 13, 2015
21471 Views5492 Downloads3 Likes3 Citations