by Tetsuji Tanaka and Baris Karapinar
Original Research
In recent years, international grain markets have been exposed to considerable price volatility which was partly caused by supply shocks driven by extreme climate events affecting major grain exporters. In addition, a number of exporting countries resorted to distortive trade measures in the form of export restrictions which have led to additional shortages, undermining the reliability of the world trading system. Recent climate studies suggest that climate change-induced extreme events are likely to increase yield fluctuations. As trade volumes are also projected to increase, export restrictions constitute a systemic threat to the security of the global food supply. However, WTO rules and regulations on export restrictions are lenient, offering ample ‘policy space’ to member countries. In this context, this paper explores the potential welfare implications of productivity shocks and consequent export restrictions imposed on rice. We use a world trade stochastic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model with the Monte Carlo method, taking into account risk factors in the form of a wide range of productivity shocks to world rice supplies. Our findings suggest that welfare losses that are likely to be caused by increased yield variability, due to climate change or other factors, are expected to grow substantially if countries react to productivity shocks by imposing export restrictions. Losses incurred by rice importing countries in Asia and Africa are expected to be particularly high. The paper links these results to potential WTO reform initiatives aiming at improving world food supply stability under future uncertainty.
Journal of Food Security. 2019, 7(4), 129-150. DOI: 10.12691/jfs-7-4-5
Pub. Date: August 27, 2019
11875 Views1609 Downloads
by Guira Flibert, Savadogo Aly, Sawadogo-Lingani Hagrétou, Somé Koussao and Traoré Yves
Original Research
Cassava is getting increase in food habit and production in Burkina Faso without appropriate knowledge of the nutritional and technological potential of the existing improved varities. Six Tropical Manihot Species cassava varieties were collected and transported within 24 hours for analyses using standard methods. The moisture content varies between 68.31±1.28 and 85.49±0.47%. The acidity is ranged between 0.49±0.04 and 0.85±0.13% and the pH varies between 6.05 and 6.62. Starch content of the cassava fresh root varies from 14.15±1.50 to 22.51±0.63%, amylopectin content varies between 10.36±2.17 and 20.72±5.56%; amylose content varies from 3.78±3.78 and 6.05±3.40%. Cyanogenic potential is range between 6.85±0.68 and 34.71±7.41 mg.kg-1, the free cyanide content varies between 1.91±0.63 and 6.67±1.48 mg kg1. Cassava fresh root is a source of potassium (202.4±4.64 mg 100g1), calcium (25.30±0.75 mg 100g1), magnesium (17.10±0.23 mg 100g1), iron (11.81±15.02 mg 100g1), phosphorus (4.8±0.27 mg 100g1), zinc (2.55±3.70 mg 100g1) and sodium (0.9±0.01 mg 100g1). Some significant differences are observed for some compound and call for mixture use of varieties according to the final product.
Journal of Food Security. 2019, 7(4), 122-128. DOI: 10.12691/jfs-7-4-4
Pub. Date: August 20, 2019
8449 Views1291 Downloads
by Abdelsalam Adoum Doutoum, Abdelsalam Tidjani, Attahir Attamar, Djamalladine Mahamat Doungous, Ali Ahamat Hamid, Abdel-Mahamoud Adam Yaya, Roumane Moukhtar and Alhadj Nazal Markhous
Original Research
To meet the growing needs, to ensure the safety of meat products for consumers, it is essential to know the hygiene practices in slaughterhouses and establishments of their transformations. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the knowledge on the hygiene practice of meat products in the city of Abéché and to study the relationship between the associated risk factors. A survey was conducted to collect information from 264 subjects. The cross-tabulation test was used to know the relationship between the variables and the practice of hygiene. The results showed that 43.6% of the study population is over 30 years old and 50% at a primary level. The 68.6% of people have unacceptable knowledge, 22.3% have acceptable knowledge and 9.1% have satisfactory knowledge of hygiene practices. At the slaughterhouse 56.1% of those surveyed have no knowledge of hygiene, including 75% of women. In restaurants and grilling places, 55.9% have no knowledge of food hygiene, including 77% of women. The 75.14% of the respondents have no knowledge of hygiene at the market level. The cross-tabulation test showed that the relationship between the age of the study population and the practice of food hygiene is significant (P <0.05). As well as the relationship between the level of education on hygiene practice is significant (P <0.05). Men have better hygiene knowledge than women. The infrastructures of all the surveyed sites (slaughterhouse, markets, restaurants) do not meet hygiene standards.
Journal of Food Security. 2019, 7(4), 115-121. DOI: 10.12691/jfs-7-4-3
Pub. Date: August 15, 2019
6790 Views1063 Downloads
by Raïfatou Affoh, Zhao Guiyu, Aletha Janjey Quoi, Kokou Dangui and Mohammed Sharif Swallah
Original Research
Rice is among the most consumed cereal crops in Togo with demand growing sharply over the years, due to the population growth and the change in consumer preference. It therefore plays a fundamental role in achieving food security in the country. This paper analyzed the determinants of rice availability in Togo. Secondary time series data from 1989 to 2013 were used. A Fully Modified Least Square (FMLOS) regression was used for the analysis. The study found that rice yield, exchange rate and total arable land had a positive and significant influence on rice supply whereas real per capita gross domestic product and foreign interest rate had negative impacts on rice supply in Togo. Therefore, government policy should focus on increasing the use of improved technologies such as improved seeds and fertilizers to improve rice yield, hence the overall food availability and indirectly food security in Togo.
Journal of Food Security. 2019, 7(4), 109-114. DOI: 10.12691/jfs-7-4-2
Pub. Date: August 01, 2019
5748 Views886 Downloads2 Likes
by Kouassi Amenan Elodie, Gbogouri Grodji Albarin, Kouassi Yéboua Firmin, Bamba Foungotin Ibrahim, Bilgo Ablassé and Menzan Guy-Roland
Original Research
The link between malnutrition and the framework of life has always been established in the literature. So, this present study was carried out in the interest of assisting a better orientation for nutritional’s intervention strategies in the rural areas of Korhogo. It is part of project “Operational Strategy for improving the Productivity of Nutrient Crops for Vulnerable Rural Populations in Côte d’Ivoire”. The cross-sectional survey, conducted from 11 to 30 June 2018, took place in three villages in the Korhogo region (northern of Côte d’Ivoire) to provide an overview of the socio-economic characteristics of rural communities. Technically, the sampling method was to survey all households in the study area. The results showed that 17.07 % of the interviewed families were single-parent families whose main activity was agriculture. On average, three people are housed in rooms and almost all households use drilling water for their domestic work. The food habits of these rural communities are 98.8 % access on the consumption of cereals (rice and maize). However, it should be noted that there was no latrine in these households, which has a negative impact on the hygienic conditions of the study area. It emerges from this study that the main evils that undermine the populations in this study are a long term lean season, which undermines the availability and accessibility of food. Thus, this study could be a guideline for a better orientation of policies and intervention strategies in the rural areas of Korhogo.
Journal of Food Security. 2019, 7(4), 103-108. DOI: 10.12691/jfs-7-4-1
Pub. Date: July 30, 2019
3457 Views805 Downloads