Skip Navigation Links.
Journal of Food Security. 2016, 4(6), 147-155
DOI: 10.12691/JFS-4-6-4
Original Research

Pesticidal Activity of Phytolacca Dodecandra Extracts against Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Tenebrionidae) Storage Pests in Maize

Michael Qwarse1, Matobola J. Mihale1, , Leonia Henry2, Joseph Sempombe3, Veronica Mugoyela3 and Fortunatus Sung'hwa4

1Department of Physical Sciences, Open University of Tanzania (OUT), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2Department of Science and Laboratory Technology, Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

3Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

4Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Pub. Date: January 16, 2017
Full Text PDF

Cite this paper

Michael Qwarse, Matobola J. Mihale, Leonia Henry, Joseph Sempombe, Veronica Mugoyela and Fortunatus Sung'hwa. Pesticidal Activity of Phytolacca Dodecandra Extracts against Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Tenebrionidae) Storage Pests in Maize. Journal of Food Security. 2016; 4(6):147-155. doi: 10.12691/JFS-4-6-4

Abstract

This study assessed the pesticidal activities of Phytolacca dodecandra extracts in controlling Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum pests in stored maize grains. The study was conducted at ambient conditions (25–30°C and 65–70% relative humidity) and designed in a completely randomised design with 8 treatments in triplicate. Contact toxicity, percent mortality, feeding deterrence and grains weight loss were assessed using developed procedures for 21 days and first filial generation progeny was assessed for 42 days of post-pest introduction. Both ethanolic root and leaf extracts of P. dodecandra demonstrated significant bioactivities against both S. zeamais and T. castaneum, with the leaf extract being more active than the root extracts. P. dodecandra leaf extracts killed 98% of S. zeamais and 99% of T. castaneum at concentration of 150 mg/mL on day 3. Similarly, P. dodecandra leaf extracts reduced grain damage to 0% and had moderate repellence of 57% and 66% to S. zeamais and T. castaneum, respectively. Hence, after biosafety studies this plant-based products can be included in the Integrated Pest Management strategies and can be recommended as an alternative remedy in treating maize storage pests in subsistence agriculture. Further isolation and structure elucidation of bioactive ingredients in the plant species are recommended and are underway.

Keywords

Pesticida Activity, Phytolacca dodecandra, Mbulu, Tanzania, Sitophilus zeamais, Tribolium castaneum, maize

Copyright

Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

[1]  Adedire, C. O., Obembe, O. O., Akinkurolele, R. O. & Oduleye, O, Responses of Callosobruchus maculates (Coleoptera: Chrysomellidae: Bruchinae) to extracts of cashew kernels, J. Plant Dis. Prot, 118: 75-79. April 2011.
 
[2]  Mugisha-Kamatenesi, M., Deng, A. L., Ogendo J. O., Omolo, E. O., Mihale, M. J., Otim, M., Buyungo, J. P. & Bett, P. K, Indigenous knowledge of field insect pests and their management around lake Victoria basin in Uganda. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2 (8): 342-348. October 2008.
 
[3]  Fèlicia, J; Mauricette, O; Yao, T and Kouahou, F, Specific behaviour of Sitophilus zeamais in the stocks of rice and maize in rural farmers at Bouaflè region, Côte dľoire. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research. 4(1): 22-31. January 2014.
 
[4]  Chebet, F., Deng, A. L., Ogendo, J. O., Kamau A. W. and Bett, P. K. Bioactivity of selected plant powders against Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in stored maize grains. Plant Protect. Sci., 49: 34-43. January 2013.
 
[5]  Gemu, M; Getu, E; Yusuf, A and Tadesse, A, Management of Sitophilus zeamais Motshulsky (Coleoptera: Ciurculionidae) and Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechidae) using locally available agricultural wastes in Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural and Crop Research. 1(1): 10-16. July 2013.
 
[6]  Ogemah, V. K, Influence of neem products on the biology and behaviour of the larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus and its predator Teretrius nigrescens. PhD Thesis. Humboldt University, Germany. 2003
 
[7]  Mihale, M. J., Deng , A. L., Selemani, H. O. Mugisha-Kamatenesi, M., Kidukuli , A. W. and Ogendo, J. O, Use of indigenous knowledge in the management of field and storage pests around Lake Victoria basin in Tanzania. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 3 (9): 251-259. September 2009.
 
[8]  Nkunya, M. H. H, Unusual metabolites from some Tanzanian indigenous plant species. Department of Chemistry, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. IUPAC Pure Appl. Chem. 77(11): 1943-1955. 2005.
 
[9]  ITM, (2012). Institute of Traditional Medicine. Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences. Available at: http://www.muhas.ac.tz/ITM1/aboutus.htm. (Accessed on 30th Oct 2014).
 
[10]  Nahashon, M, Conservation of wild-harvested medicinal plants species in Tanzania: Chain and consequence of commercial trade on medicinal plant species. Master Thesis, Uppsala University, Sweden. 2013, No: 124, 50pp.
 
[11]  FAO. Global forest resources assessment. Country report, United Republic of Tanzania. Forestry department, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. FRA 2010 – Country Report, Tanzania. 2010. Rome, Italy.
 
[12]  Lemma, A. Laboratory and field evaluation of the molluscicidal properties of Phytolacca dodecandra. Bull. Org. Mond. Sante. 42: 597-612. 1970.
 
[13]  Lemma, A, Molluscicidal and other economic potentials of Endod. Ethiopian Med. J. 12:109-114, 1974.
 
[14]  Qwarse, M, Assessment of bioactivity of selected plants against pests and microbes from Agro-pastoral communities in Mbulu district, Tanzania, MSc.Thesis, Open University of Tanzania, Dar es Salaaam. (2015).
 
[15]  Misganaw, N., Moges, S., Tadele, M., Tesera, M., Temeggen, T and Raja, N, Evaluation of Multi potential bioactive endod, Phytolacca dodecandra (L’herit) berries extracts against immature filarial vector culex quinquefasciatus say (Diptera: culicidae). Research Journal of environmental and Earth Science. 4(7): 697-703. July 2012.
 
[16]  Karunamoorthi, K., Bishaw, D., and Mulat, T, Laboratory evaluation of Ethiopia local plant Phytolacca dodecandra extract for its toxicity effectiveness against aquatic Macro inverberbrates. European Review for Medicinal and Pharmacological Science. 12: 381-386. November 2008.
 
[17]  Khaliq, A; Nawaz, A., Ahmad, M. H and Sagheer, M, Assessment of insecticidal potential of medicinal plant extracts for control of maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Basic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Review. 3(11): 100-104. November 2014.
 
[18]  Asawalam E. F. and L. Onu, L, Evaluation of some plant powders against Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on stored groundnut. Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research. 2(2): 27-33. May 2014.
 
[19]  Ileleji, K. E., Maier, D. E. and Woloshuk, Evaluation of different temperature management strategies for suppression of Sitophilus zemais (Motschulsky) in stored. Journal of stored products Research. 43(4): 480-488. December 2007.
 
[20]  Rees, D, Insects of stored products. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Victoria,. 2004.
 
[21]  Yuya, A. I; Tadesse, A; Azerefegne, and Tefera, T (2009). Efficacy of combinig Niger seed oil with malathion 5% dust formulation on maize against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Stored. Prod. Res. 45: 67-70. December 2009.
 
[22]  Chaisaeng, P; Chongrattanameteekul, W; Visarathanonth, P and Vajarasathiara, B, Laboratory studies on control of the maize weevil zeamais by the parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae. Science Asia. 36:6-11. January 2010.
 
[23]  Nishi, A; Imamura, T; Miyanoshita, A; Morimoto, S; Takahashi, K; Visarathanoth, P Kengkanpanich, R; Shazali, M. H and Sato, K, Predatory abilities of amphiboles venator (klug) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), a predator of stored product insect pest. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 39: 321-326. 2004.
 
[24]  Red flour beetle, Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia. Available: at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_flour_beetle. [Accessed April 19, 2016].
 
[25]  Magoggo, J. P and Meliyo, J. L, Land resources inventory and land suitability assessment of Mbulu district, Arusha region, Tanzania NSSR report R5, National soil service. 1994. 75pp.
 
[26]  Omoregbe, R. E, Ikuebe, O. M , Ihimire, I. G,. Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants extracts on Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi and Shigella dysenteriae. African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. 25(4):373-375. December 1996.
 
[27]  Ogendo, J. O., Deng, A. L., Belmain, S. R., Walker, D. J. & Musandu, A. A. O, Effect of insecticidal plant materials, Lantana camara L. and Tephrosia vogelii Hook, on the quality parameters of stored maize grains. Journal of Food Technology in Africa. 9 (1): 29-35. March 2004.
 
[28]  Ogendo, J. O., Belmain, S.R., Deng, A. L. & and Walker, D. L, Efficacy of Lantana camara and Tephrosia vogelli Hook agaist Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in stored maize grains. Journal of Food Technology in Africa. 9: 29-35. 2005.
 
[29]  Tapondjou, L. A., Adler, C., Bouda, H. & Fontem, D. A, Efficacy of powder and essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides leaves as post-harvest grain protectants against six-stored product beetles, Journal of Stored Products Research. 38(4): 395-402. 2002.
 
[30]  Haines, C. P. (ed.), Insects and Arachnids of tropical stored products” their biology and Identification. A training Manual. Natural Resources Institute, UK. 2015. 2nd edition.
 
[31]  Karemu, C. K., Ndung’u, M. W. & Githua, M, Repellent effects of essential oils from Selected Eucalyptus species and their major constituents against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). International Journal of Tropical Insect Science. 33(3): 188-1994. September, 2013
 
[32]  Ndung’u, M. W, Repellent activity of the essential oils of Cleome monophylla L., C. hirta Oliv., Gynandropsis gynandra Brig. and Capparis tomentosa Lam., and their chemical constituents against Sitophilus zeamais and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. MSc. Thesis, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya, pp. 37-46. 1993.
 
[33]  Kasa, A. and Tadese, A. (1996). Evaluation of some botanicals against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) on stored sorghum at Bako. p.120-126. In Proc. 3rd Annual Conference of Crop Protection Society of Ethiopia, May 18-19, 1995, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
 
[34]  Sharma, R. K, Neem leaf powder and cop ash against R. dominica in tored maize. Indian Journal of Entomology. 57: 15-17. 1995
 
[35]  Butterworth, J. H., & Morgan, E. D, Isolation of substance that suppresses feeding in locusts. Chemical Communications (London): 23-24. 1968.
 
[36]  Rembold, H, Growth and metamorphosis. in The neem tree: Source of unique natural products for integrated pest management, and medicinal, industrial and other purposes. VCH, Weinheim: 418-432. 1995
 
[37]  Isman, M. B, Plant essential oils for pest and disease management. Crop Prot 19:603-608. September 2000.
 
[38]  Isman M.B, Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review of Entomology. 51:45-66. 2006.
 
[39]  Adebayo, T. A., Olaniram, O. A. & Akanbi, W. B, Control of insect pests of cowpea in the field with allelochems from Tephrosia vogelii and Petiveria alliacea in Southern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria. Agricultural Journal. 2: 365-369. 2007
 
[40]  Ascher, K. R. S, Non-conventional insecticidal effects of pesticides available from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology. 22: 433-449. 1993.
 
[41]  Bekele, A. J., Obeng-Ofori, D. & Hassanali, A, Evaluation of Ocimum kenyense (Ayobangira) as source of repellents, toxicants and protectants in storage against three major stored product insect pests. Journal of Applied Entomology. 121: 169-173. January 1997
 
[42]  Shehu, A., Obeng-Ofori, D. & Eziah, V. Y, Biological efficacy of calneemTM oil against the tropical Warehouse moth Ephestia cautella (Lepidoptera: Pralidae) in stored maize. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science. 30(4): 207-213. December 2010.
 
[43]  Blum, M. & Roitberg, M. (1999). Natural insect repellent formula and method of making same. New York. United States Patent 5885600. Available: http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5885600.html [Accessed: July 15, 2015).
 
[44]  Debboun M., Frances S. P., & Strickman, D. (Eds). Insect repellents-principles, methods and uses. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton-London-New York. 2007.
 
[45]  Wang, Z., Song J., Chen, J., Song Z., Shang, S., Jiang, Z. & Han, Z, QSAR study of mosquito repellents from terpenoid with a six-member-ring. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letter. 18: 2854-2859. May 2008.
 
[46]  Fekadui, G., Waktole, S. & Santiago, R. D, Evaluation of plant powders and cooking oils against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais M. (Coleopteran: Curculionidae) under laboratory conditions. Molecular Entomology. 3(2): 4-14. 2012.