by Simon Alibu, Morish Obura, James Ekebu, Doreen Nampamya, Jimmy Lamo, Godfrey Asea and Tae-Seon Park
Original Research
Rice has recently become an important crop for tackling food insecurity and poverty in Uganda. Over three-quarters of the country's local rice production occurs in irrigated and rain-fed lowlands in eastern and northern Uganda. However, breeding programs and seed systems have only partially met farmers' expectations for new lowland rice varieties and seeds recently, so farmers are sticking with old varieties. However, a new high-yielding, early-maturing, and most importantly, aromatic variety, NARORICE-1, released in 2019, seems to offer a new ray of hope for lowland rice farmers. This study compared the agronomic performance of NARORICE-1 and two promising KAFACI lines to a popular farmer's variety, WITA-9, in central, eastern, and northern Uganda. These varieties were evaluated for growth and yield response to higher seedling counts per hill when transplanted. Doho was the most productive location with an average rice yield of 6.1 t ha–1, significantly higher than NaCRRI and Olweny with 3.9 and 3.7 t ha–1, respectively. The yield performance of NARORICE-1 was comparable to that of the popular farmer's variety WITA-9. Increasing the number of seedlings per hill from three to seven during transplanting had no clear effect on the paddy yield of NARORICE-1. Besides higher yield potential, NARORICE-1's other additional beneficial traits such as aroma, shorter growing time, and higher milling efficiency have made it one of the growers' favorites.
Journal of Food Security. 2022, 10(2), 81-88. DOI: 10.12691/jfs-10-2-5
Pub. Date: September 27, 2022
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by Abdelsalam Adoum Doutoum, Youssouf Amine Goni, Djamalladine Mahamat Doungous, Mahamat Seid Ali, Abdoullahi Hissen Ousman, Nadjiyam Borde, Moussa Tougounigue, Mamadou Balde, Malang Seydi, Abdourahamane Balla, Serigne Babakar Khalifa Sylla and Bhen Sikina Toguebaye
Original Research
In the interest of guaranteeing food safety and human health, the hygiene of meat products is not to meet the needs of consumers. Hygiene knowledge and the way of processing and consumption in households are very important. Our study aims to evaluate and analyze the safety of meat products and their consumption in the city of Sarh. Avery was conducted on 114 people including 20 people in slaughterhouses, 37 people in households, 43 people in markets, and 14 people in restaurants. The maximum age of respondents is 71years old and the minimum age is 18 years old. Data was entered under Excel software and XL-STAT software. According to an analysis of the data, the results show that in households and restaurants the surveyed population has an acceptable knowledge of hygiene of meat products that the population surveyed in markets and slaughterhouses smoked fish is much more consumed, 59,47% of the population consume at least three times a week. Descriptive statistics allowed us to have the dispersion parameters (mean, stander, deviation, extreme, and frequency) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Was performed to compare the averages. The comparison with the Newman heels test at the 5% threshold. The effects of significance are described as significant (p<0,05) and insignificant (p>0,05). In households, 72,97% of the population consumes fish, and 59,46% of smoked fish. In the market, 34,88% of people surveyed are sellers of fresh meat,30,23% are sellers of smoked fish, and 9,30% are sellers of dried meat.
Journal of Food Security. 2022, 10(2), 70-80. DOI: 10.12691/jfs-10-2-4
Pub. Date: September 25, 2022
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by Sadika Sharmin and Wan Abdul Manan
Original Research
Background: The ready-made garment industry in Bangladesh has made employment opportunities of so many vulnerable women to have their own income and take responsibility of their families. But to manage the workloads, they have to pay a lot. This study tries to find out the female workers’ living circumstances, food intake security, healthiness well-being and workplace security. Method: A qualitative study employed six focus group discussions (FGD) (n=60) with female garment factory workers from six factories in Gazipur city. Data collection was performed from September, 2014 to December, 2014. Purposive sampling was carried out to select the individuals. Interview transcripts were coded in MAXQDA, 2020. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis approach. Result: This study has found that for long working hours and too work pressure, the female workers are suffering from health problems like back pain, headache, finger injury, eye problem, chest pain and dehydration. The female workers are harassed by production managers and other male officials inside the factory. Sometimes they have not received exact salary comparing with their working hours. Their insufficient income force them to live from hand to mouth without intake of nutrient-enrich foods. They have not received enough mental support to carry on this work. They are also victim of home violence. Most participants want to have increased salary with better work facilities. Conclusion: Garment workers’ salary should be increased to attain the basic needs in their lives. The factory authority should take initiatives to maintain workers’ health which ultimately results in more production. Working environment should be suitable for female workers without any harassment. To maintain the working hours and working conditions, labor rules should be followed in strict.
Journal of Food Security. 2022, 10(2), 61-69. DOI: 10.12691/jfs-10-2-3
Pub. Date: September 20, 2022
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by Diaby Aboubacar, Meïté Alassane, Dally Theodor, Djétouan Kacou Jules Marius and Kati-Coulibaly Seraphin
Original Research
The present study was developed to investigate the nutritional properties of dried caterpillar (Imbrasia oyemensis) powder and wheat flour. The physicochemical composition was determined by standard methods (AOAC). The physicochemical analysis of 100g of Imbrasia oyemensis caterpillar powder, reveals a high content of protein (52.12%), lipid (20.58%), ash (3.62%), fiber (3.2%) and a low content of carbohydrate (17.24%) with an energy value of 462.66 Kcal/100g. Wheat flour is mainly rich in carbohydrates (78.04%) and has a low protein (10.7%), lipid (1.26%), ash (0.52%) and fiber (0.12%) content with an energy value of 365.78 Kcal/100g. The amino acid profile of Imbrasia oyemensis caterpillar powder indicates the presence of 16 amino acids. Histidine records the highest content with 118.4 mg/g protein while methionine and cysteine indicate the lowest content with 4.47 mg/g protein and are a limiting factor. Wheat flour contains 7 essential amino acids in very low proportions with the exception of methionine and cysteine which has the highest content with 18.31 mg/g of protein. The fatty acid profile in the fatty material from Imbrasia oyemensis caterpillar powder reveals the existence of seven (7) fatty acids. This fatty acid profile is composed of four (4) saturated fatty acids (53%) and three (3) unsaturated fatty acids (46.66%). Calcium (224.7 mg/100g), sodium (497.9 mg/100g), potassium (602.9 mg/100g), magnesium (254.1 mg/100g) contents of Imbrasia oyemensis caterpillar powder are significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of wheat flour. The molar ratios of Phytates/Iron, Phytates/Zinc and Oxalate/Calcium show that caterpillar powder (Imbrasia oyemensis) could not interfere with the assimilation of iron, zinc and calcium. Thus, the incorporation of caterpillar powder (Imbrasia oyemensis) into wheat flour for use in nutrition and food technology could be an alternative in the fight against protein-energy malnutrition.
Journal of Food Security. 2022, 10(2), 53-60. DOI: 10.12691/jfs-10-2-2
Pub. Date: September 14, 2022
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by Cyrus Karanja, Samuel Imathiu, Ojijo Nelson KO and William Thari
Original Research
Indigenous fruits, which are usually underutilized, play an important role in food and nutrition security especially in developing countries. Vitex payos fruit (chocolate berry) is one such example which is currently gaining popularity in arid and semi-arid parts of Kenya. Fruits of V. payos were collected from three wards in each of the two Counties (Kitui and Tharaka-Nithi). A composite sample from each County was obtained by mixing the three ward samples in a ratio of 1:1:1. Standard analytical methods were used in the determination of the physicochemical composition of the fruit samples. Apart from crude fat and protein, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in other fruit sample parameters between the two Counties. Potassium and calcium contents were significantly higher (P˂0.05) in Kitui compared to Tharaka-Nithi County samples, while phosphorous was significantly lower (P˂0.05) in the latter than in the former County samples. Niacin, pyridoxine and ascorbic acid were significantly higher (P˂0.05) in Kitui than in Tharaka-Nithi County samples while thiamin was not detected in both County samples. All phytochemicals and anti-nutrients determined were significantly higher (P<0.05) in Kitui than in Tharaka-Nithi County samples. The results from this study indicate that V. payos is a good source of nutrients whose concentration may be region-dependent. Nutrient concentration of V. payos is comparable to most fruits. Its potassium, dietary fiber and total flavonoid content are particularly higher than in most of the common fruits.
Journal of Food Security. 2022, 10(2), 44-52. DOI: 10.12691/jfs-10-2-1
Pub. Date: July 04, 2022
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